Historically there were and there are specific religions, but there was not and there is no "religion at all". In order to explore the diverse world of religious phenomena, an appropriate notion is being developed in science, and its definition is undoubtedly of great heuristic significance. This concept is a product of the long-term development of cognition; in its diverse interpretations, it helps to comprehend the religious processes of both modernity and the past.

This article focuses on the problems of application of artificial intelligence to represent legal knowledge. The volume of legal knowledge used in practice is unusually large, and therefore the ontological knowledge representation is proposed to be used for semantic analysis, presentation and use of common vocabulary, and knowledge integration of problem domain. At the same time some features of legal knowledge representation in Ukraine have been taken into account. The software package has been developed to work with the ontology. The (...) main features of the program complex, which has a Web-based interface and supports multi-user filling of the knowledge base, have been described. The crowdsourcing method is due to be used for filling the knowledge base of legal information. The success of this method is explained by the self-organization principle of information. However, as a result of such collective work a number of errors are identified, which are distributed throughout the structure of the ontology. The results of application of this program complex are discussed in the end of the article and the ways of improvement of the considered technique are planned. (shrink)

The formation of the concepts and categories that human thinking and culture use is a process that is complex and long-lasting. This specificity of the logical framework of knowledge is due to its historical character, which focuses primarily on the development of consciousness in the stage of development. It is known that the original representations of man about the world had a mythological color. They noted direct intertwining in the practice of everyday relations, and therefore they did not raise the (...) question of their own essence. The same could not have happened, because the individual has not yet realized himself as a unique person. His personal "I" was inseparable from nature or was seen as a part of the generic team. The original man has not yet reached the understanding of self-determination and did not possess the ability to structure the consciousness in its relation to the world. Therefore, in terms of mythological worldview, the term "protocotographic forms of thinking", which represented the empirical integrity of man and the environment, was correctly used. Their specificity was to focus on the concrete. Animistic, fetishistic, and totemic beliefs set themselves the goal of discovering in the environment and distinguishing objects of magic or non-magic in the present concreteness. "Of course, as Ukrainian scholars point out," the protocategorial forms of the primitive and mythological consciousness did not have yet such a certainty that would represent an integral part consisting not of parts but of a dynamic organic ". (shrink)

Over the last 30 years, the growing role of political Islam has attracted attention from both the media and academia. Although it is given various names, such as "Islamic fundamentalism", "militant Islam", "political Islam", all this is due to the fact that a certain trend in Islamic movement is gaining more influence in politics and security in the global scale. The decisive moment in this was the overthrow in 1979 of the pro-Western Shah monarchy in Iran and the creation of (...) the first theocratic world in the modern world there. (shrink)

The paper explicates the stages of the author’s philosophical evolution in the light of Kopnin’s ideas and heritage. Starting from Kopnin’s understanding of dialectical materialism, the author has stated that category transformations of physics has opened from conceptualization of immutability to mutability and then to interaction, evolvement and emergence. He has connected the problem of physical cognition universals with an elaboration of the specific system of tools and methods of identifying, individuating and distinguishing objects from a scientific theory domain. The (...) role of vacuum conception and the idea of existence (actual and potential, observable and nonobservable, virtual and hidden) types were analyzed. In collaboration with S.Crymski heuristic and regulative functions of categories of substance, world as a whole as well as postulates of relativity and absoluteness, and anthropic and self-development principles were singled out. Elaborating Kopnin’s view of scientific theories as a practically effective and relatively true mapping of their domains, the author in collaboration with M. Burgin have originated the unified structure-nominative reconstruction (model) of scientific theory as a knowledge system. According to it, every scientific knowledge system includes hierarchically organized and complex subsystems that partially and separately have been studied by standard, structuralist, operationalist, problem-solving, axiological and other directions of the current philosophy of science. 1) The logico-linguistic subsystem represents and normalizes by means of different, including mathematical, languages and normalizes and logical calculi the knowledge available on objects under study. 2) The model-representing subsystem comprises peculiar to the knowledge system ways of their modeling and understanding. 3) The pragmatic-procedural subsystem contains general and unique to the knowledge system operations, methods, procedures, algorithms and programs. 4) From the viewpoint of the problem-heuristic subsystem, the knowledge system is a unique way of setting and resolving questions, problems, puzzles and tasks of cognition of objects into question. It also includes various heuristics and estimations (truth, consistency, beauty, efficacy, adequacy, heuristicity etc) of components and structures of the knowledge system. 5) The subsystem of links fixes interrelations between above-mentioned components, structures and subsystems of the knowledge system. The structure-nominative reconstruction has been used in the philosophical and comparative case-studies of mathematical, physical, economic, legal, political, pedagogical, social, and sociological theories. It has enlarged the collection of knowledge structures, connected, for instance, with a multitude of theoreticity levels and with an application of numerous mathematical languages. It has deepened the comprehension of relations between the main directions of current philosophy of science. They are interpreted as dealing mainly with isolated subsystems of scientific theory. This reconstruction has disclosed a variety of undetected knowledge structures, associated also, for instance, with principles of symmetry and supersymmetry and with laws of various levels and degrees. In cooperation with the physicist Olexander Gabovich the modified structure-nominative reconstruction is in the processes of development and justification. Ideas and concepts were also in the center of Kopnin’s cognitive activity. The author has suggested and elaborated the triplet model of concepts. According to it, any scientific concept is a dependent on cognitive situation, dynamical, multifunctional state of scientist’s thinking, and available knowledge system. A concept is modeled as being consisted from three interrelated structures. 1) The concept base characterizes objects falling under a concept as well as their properties and relations. In terms of volume and content the logical modeling reveals partially only the concept base. 2) The concept representing part includes structures and means (names, statements, abstract properties, quantitative values of object properties and relations, mathematical equations and their systems, theoretical models etc.) of object representation in the appropriate knowledge system. 3) The linkage unites a structures and procedures that connect components from the abovementioned structures. The partial cases of the triplet model are logical, information, two-tired, standard, exemplar, prototype, knowledge-dependent and other concept models. It has introduced the triplet classification that comprises several hundreds of concept types. Different kinds of fuzziness are distinguished. Even the most precise and exact concepts are fuzzy in some triplet aspect. The notions of relations between real scientific concepts are essentially extended. For example, the definition and strict analysis of such relations between concepts as formalization, quantification, mathematization, generalization, fuzzification, and various kinds of identity are proposed. The concepts «PLANET» and «ELEMENTARY PARTICLE» and some of their metamorphoses were analyzed in triplet terms. The Kopnin’s methodology and epistemology of cognition was being used for creating conception of the philosophy of law as elaborating of understanding, justification, estimating and criticizing legal system. The basic information on the major directions in current Western philosophy of law (legal realism, feminism, criticism, postmodernism, economical analysis of law etc.) is firstly introduced to the Ukrainian audience. The classification of more than fifty directions in modern legal philosophy is suggested. Some results of historical, linguistic, scientometric and philosophic-legal studies of the present state of Ukrainian academic science are given. (shrink)

The history of "displaced persons" is one of the major historical context of the postwar period. On the European continent, it lasts throughout the second half of the 1940s in the territory occupied by Germany, Austria and Italy. From our point of view, the study of the problem has a very strong historiographical focus, which is associated with a number of national studies. Therefore, this article is dedicated to one of the main problems, which are common to all national historiography: (...) the problem of publishing the "displaced persons". The study is based on analysis of visual journalism as a historical source on the history of ordinary life DPs. The main source is regarded magazine "DiPiniada", which V. Ellis and V. Odinokov, published in a DPs camp Pasing-Munich. On the pages of the satirical magazine in 1946-1947 addressed many current topics of ordinary life of displaced persons. In general, "DiPiniada" is an important visual historical source. On the basis of press of displaced persons, ex-DiPi memories, the author makes two main conclusions. Firstly, "Dipiniada" magazine tells the story of ordinary life in the camps DiPi both artistic "language", and contextual "language". Secondly, the satirical nature of the publication is the reason for its historical authenticity, because humor is possible only in conditions of a familiar image. It is noted that the investigation has prospects both in methodological and in the objective aspects. (shrink)

This article is the Opus postum of the author, who passed away in September 2023. Volodymyr Verloka is the author of numerous translations of philosophical classics from English, worked in various academic institutions, including the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. He received his philosophical education at the beginning of the 1990s and personally witnessed the Soviet period of Ukrainian philosophy. The author’s critical reflections offered (...) here are largely the result of his own experience of participating in the work of various academic institutions of independent Ukraine, and are also an honest expression of his sincere desire to change the situation with Ukrainian science and higher education for the better. In the article, the author addresses the reconstruction of the specific understanding of science in the USSR, revealing such features as ideological, partisan, and bureaucratic. The author analyzes the documents of the era – the publication of texts by Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Volodymyr Vernadskyi, Nikolay Bukharin, Petr Kapitsa regarding the role of science in society. The author also turns to the analysis of the key philosophical texts of the era, which are direct evidence of the open position of Soviet philosophers on various issues, such as the definition of science, truth, and practice, and also finds out the specific influence of the doctrine of communism on the idea of Soviet academicism as the only politically permissible and at the same time as supposedly the only scientifically possible academic position. For this purpose, the author primarily analyzes the texts of the Soviet “Philosophical Encyclopedia”. The author also refers to critical sources that analyze the Soviet era – the works of Alain Besançon, Nelli Motroshilova, Anatolii Yermolenko and Serhii Yosypenko, Evert van der Zweerde and others. The author also gives his own critical assessment of the presence of vestiges of Soviet academicism in the modern Ukrainian academic sphere. (shrink)

У статті проаналізовано дискусійне питання щодо періодизації Національно-визвольної війни українського народу середини ХVІІ ст. Розглянуто критерії визначення хронологічних меж цих доленосних подій української історії. Порівнюються погляди вітчизняних істориків на проблему періодизації Національно-визвольної війни.

The author of the article, based on a study of the writings of intellectuals from the Ukrainian diaspora in interwar Czechoslovakia, primarily professors at the Ukrainian Free University in Prague (1921-1945), formulates some ideas and trends and defines the Prague period of Ukrainian political philosophy. This period is determined by the formation of a powerful centre of Ukrainian intellectual life in Prague, a kind of "Noah's Ark" of Ukrainian emigration. The Prague period of the history of Ukrainian thought in exile (...) is characterised by intellectual freedom of ideas and discussions, which is different from the situation in the postwar period. Among the main topics of discussion are the problems of philosophy of history and nation-building (national mentality, consciousness, national philosophy), problems of philosophy and theory of law, and discussions between modern ideologies. From the perspective of the history of ideas, the Prague period was a continuation of the history of Ukrainian centrism, the 19th-century Ukrainophile discourse that largely continued Drahomanov's ideas of "Hromadivstvo", combining classical liberal notions with an awareness of the importance of both Ukrainian national struggle and social emancipation. This calls into question the linear progressivist scheme of Ukrainian intellectual history, in which the period of "narodnytstvo/populism" is "dialectically sublated" by the modernist period, and "federalism" cedes ground to "independence" (according to I. Lysiak-Rudnytskyi), thus, the "Ukrainophile" stage of the development of the philosophy of the Ukrainian national idea has been fulfilled (in the terms of V. Horsky), and the Drahomanov's worldview had to logically surrender to the ideas of integral nationalism. The article challenges these evolutionist schemes and emphasises that the Prague period of Ukrainian intellectual history contains many useful ideas for the history of Ukrainian liberalism and centrism in general. (shrink)

Frant︠s︡uzʹka revoli︠u︡t︠s︡ii︠a︡: prokhodz︠h︡enni︠a︡ cherez smertʹ -- Romantyzm i khytristʹ dobra: Mefistofel i︠a︡k kulʹturnyĭ heroĭ -- Narodz︠h︡enni︠a︡ totalʹnosti: slabkistʹ indyvida, syla kolektyvnykh til -- Klas i︠a︡k hrupa obranykh: marksyzm -- Rasa i︠a︡k "use": rasyzm i zakhid -- Hotui︠u︡chysʹ do katastrof: palinhenesii︠a︡ i kinet︠s︡ʹ stolitti︠a︡ -- Fashyzm: triumf transheokratiï -- Nat︠s︡yzm: rasa i︠a︡ zakon -- Komunizm: vid emansypat︠s︡iï do rabstva -- Rosiĭsʹka ideolohii︠a︡: sumishi ta ekstremy -- Zamistʹ vysnovkiv: plynnistʹ ideolohiĭ i XXI stolitti︠a︡.

The urgency of the research is that the conditions for the formation of a creative personality, which are the result of the formation of a creative and knowledge economy, in which the given type of personality is in demand, is presented. Problem statement – the phenomenon of a creative personality as a phenomenon and a basis for formation of a creative and knowledge economy in the conditions of globalization challenges and trends 4.0. It is the information society and social entrepreneurship (...) that are the main factors in the formation and development of a creative and knowledge economy, which requires the formation of a creative personality. Analysis of recent research and publications – we rely on the authors who investigated the "know-how-intelektual" society, which is based on a well-known intellectual-property and personality. These are the works of B.Andrushenko, T.Andrushenko, V.Vashkevich, V.Voronkova, O.Kyvlyuk, V.Melnyk, V.Nikitenko, R.Olexenko, O.Sosnina, S.Sharova. Identification of unexplored parts of the general problem – conceptualization of the concept of a creative personality in the face of globalization challenges 4.0. The research is based on theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of the concept of creative personality as a factor in the formation of a creative and knowledge economy. Setting objectives – the use of socio-acciological and neoaxiological approaches and methods that allowed deeply penetrate into the conditions for the formation of a creative personality in the context of the challenges of globalization 4.0 and the information society. Presentation of the main material. It is at the heart of axiology that the value orientations of a person are necessary for the formation of an information-knowledge economy or neo-economy. It is researched that creativity stimulates the production of innovative material and spiritual goods, promotes acceleration of commercialization and the final consumption of material and spiritual goods. It has been found that Homo economicus is the basis for the formation of creative entrepreneurship and its transformation into the social capital of the nation. The essence of culture as the main dominant and the key factor of formation of creative and valuable competitive specialists is revealed. Conclusions - the evolution of "homo economicus" to "homo creativus" is exposed in the conditions of globalization 4.0 and global rankings of creative economy; Creation of the concept of creative personality as a factor in creative and knowledge economy in the face of globalization challenges 4.0; the integral representation of the creative personality as a factor in the formation of a knowledge-information economy is presented. (shrink)

The national affiliation of the philosopher is determined not by the geographical terrain of his residence, not by the language of the publication of works, not by his favor to a certain philosophical tradition, but above all by the spirit of ethnic consciousness, which with the need to be seen in the content of his writings, their thematic orientation, in the style of philosophizing, the practical orientation of his creative heritage - the desire to help their people in historical self-determination, (...) in its social progress. It is the latter that gives grounds to be attributed to the galaxy of the Ukrainian philosophers of the doctor of philosophy Volodymyr Ilyich Oleksyuk who was born in 1913 - this is one hundred years ago - in the famous Carpathian village of Sheshory, he received secondary education in Kolomyia, philosophical - at Lviv University, at the universities of Freiburg and New York Doctor degree for work "Metaphysical reality of the difference between the essence and existence of existence" V.Oksyuk received in 1967 at the University of East Florida. Since 1970, he lived in Chicago, headed the Ukrainian Catholic Academic Association "Obnov", at the same time was a member of a number of international philosophical societies. (shrink)

The article offers a comparative analysis of the peacemaking views of Immanuel Kant and Volodymyr Vynnychenko, who sought to find effective mechanisms for establishing “perpetual peace on earth”. The model of the Ukrainian writer’s collectivist society represents the Kantian concept of a “federation of free states” and an alternative for the modern world without war. Common points of contact between the philosophical treatises of Kant and Vynnychenko are found and the progressiveness of the “utopian” projects of thinkers that have (...) already been implemented or are at the implementation stage for its improvement is shown. It is proved that the Kantian-Vynnychenko peace is a phenomenon that developed in a certain cultural and historical context, so it is quite legitimate to talk about the identity of German-Ukrainian ideas in terms of the continuity of the philosophical tradition and temporal connections. We hypothesize that both authors created an effective conceptual basis for achieving peaceful coexistence on Earth, which is neither rational nor logical to neglect in today’s realities. (shrink)

The article presents a comparison of the interpretations of Edmund Husserl’s early philosophy, created in different local contexts: ones by Polish researchers (Kazimir Tvardovsky, Jan Luka sevich, Vladyslav Tatarkevych, Roman Ingarden, Aleksander Rozenblum-Augustowski) in the period 1895-1945, and Ukrainian philosopher Volodymyr Yurynets. This comparison takes place against the background of considering the differences in the conditions of the development of philosophy in pre-war and interwar Poland and the USSR. The author demonstrates the similarity of the readings of Husserl’s phenomenology (...) by Polish researchers and Yurynets and proves that the similarity between them is not only in the thematic focus of criticism of phenomenological philosophy, but also in its validity and level. In addition, the author offers an approach to the study of Yurynets’ figure and work, based on considering him primarily as a representative of Western intellectual culture. In particular, the possibility of considering Yurynets ‘ objections to Husserl’s project of phenomenological philosophy not as determined by ideological dictates, but as symptomatic of the European intellectual culture of the beginning of the 20th century is substantiated. Both Yurynets and the Polish phenomenological movement criticize phenomenology for its lack of coherence, and it is about both the internal coherence of phenomenological philosophy and its coherence with contemporary sciences. Particular attention is paid to the role of Yurynets in the history of Ukrainian studies of phenomenological philosophy in the context of the discussion about the origins of phenomenological studies in Ukraine.The author considers the investigations of the phenomenological movement in Poland to be fruitful for modern studies of phenomenological philosophy in Ukraine - a phenomenon that had a significant impact on the development of a wide range of humanitarian disciplines in Europe in the 20th-21st centuries and which has direct intersections and common personalities with Ukrainian philosophy. The same seems promising for other European local traditions. (shrink)

The article is dedicated to the activities of the Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, doctor of political economy, Volodymyr Andriyovych Kosynskyi, who was born in Ukraine and worked in many European countries, particularly in Latvia. Kosynskyi was active as an economist, statistician, and a public and political figure, who held the position of the Minister of Labor of Ukraine from November to December 1918. The study allows to systematize and critically evaluate the sources on the (...) impact of Kosynskyi’s activities on the development of economics, as well as to reconstruct the main stages of his life and professional career. After a critical evaluation of the sources on the impact of Kosynskyi’s activities in economics, it is shown that his main contribution was the following: development of methodological problems of political economy, the theory and practice of credit, and methodology to develop agriculture. Kosynskyi was among the first to proclaim the transition of statistics from a science that collects and organizes information to a science that explains and predicts. The article also presents a periodization of Kosynskyi’s life and creative path, tracing the following periods: the Hlukhiv period, the Moscow period, two Riga periods, two Odessa periods, the Kyiv period, and the Czech period. (shrink)

The subject examined in the paper is a morals and law relationship in terms of the absolute Good in the context of the Russian philosopher Volodymyr Soloviov's philosophy of Total Unity. It is established that morals are expression of the idea of the absolute Good whereas law is a bridge between the ideal good and reality. Law specifies the law of God, defines the conditions for its implementation and sets limits of punishment if these conditions are not met and (...) public safety is threatened. With the above in view, the philosopher's idea of a potential use of force in the context of the law of God enforceability is topical. From Volodymyr Soloviov's viewpoint, law without force is only declaration whereas law without moral standards is violence. Morals without a legal framework may get reduced to moralization and even leveling of the idea of the absolute good. Based on an analysis of V. Soloviov's treatise "Justification of the good. Moral philosophy", which is a key work covering this subject, the author draws a conclusion that a correct morals and law relationship is possible only when law, remaining within its formal bounds, supports fair order in society while harmoniously correlating with the law of God as the highest embodiment of the idea of the absolute good. (shrink)

We continue to publish the memoirs of the founders of the Ukrainian Association of Reseachers of Religion, which is rightfully the long-term director of the Lviv Museum of the History of Religions Volodymyr Haiuk. He headed this museum for almost 20 years, with which his life destiny is still connected. His support for the initiative of Kyiv colleagues to establish a professional union of religious researchers played an important role, as it expanded the geographical, thematic and sectoral boundaries of (...) scholars' communication, and the May roundtables on the history of religions in Ukraine, founded by V. Haiuk, have become a tradition. 2020 is the year of the 30th International Forum, which for decades brings together and unites researchers from different parts of Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania, other Baltic countries and Europe. (shrink)

In the article reviewed the development of Ukrainian historiography 60-90-ies. XIX century figure of Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny. The figure of Hetman Sahaidachnyy occupied an important place in Early Cossack time. The political and social activist, defender of the Orthodox faith, a distinguished diplomat of his time, the head of the biggest campaigns against the Turks, he was a man that influenced the social life as none of Cossack leaders before. An outstanding figure of the Hetman interests historians who contributed to appearance (...) of a large volume of scientific papers. There are no universal historiographical systematization of the existing researchs that generates problems in the study of person Petro Konashevych. The goal of the article is to highlight the situation of historiographical figure of the hetman Sahaidachnyy in this period. Historical views of Ukrainian historians populist direction Kulish, V. Antonovych and representative national - statist direction M. Kostomarov are analyzed. In the writings of historians of this period have been formulated theory of perception the main outstanding figure of the hetman: as a citizen under the Polish crown, who was obedient executor of the royal will. The opinion of Sahaidachnyy as an independent supervisor relatively mature social community, conscious of reformist organizational activity and considered himself the right to stand at the level of the Polish administration, protecting the interests of their own community by political means - by negotiations. Kulish actually substantiated the idea of perception Sahaidachnyy as a citizen under the Polish Crown, who was obedient executor of the royal will. Volodymyr Antonovych thought Hetman independently acting head relatively mature social community, which considered himself to become valid on level with the Polish administration and defend the interests of their own community by political means - by negotiations. For ideas Kostomarov, to some extent, based interpretation of evolution of Sahaydachnyy as slave Polish crown. The historian, proceeding from its own national-statist conception of historical development, a critical figure of Sahaidachnyy analyzed in terms of the implementation of national affairs and its impact on the formation of state-building elements in the national environment. (shrink)

In his work "Religion and Church in the History of Ukraine," V.Lipinsky primarily answers the question: Did Volodymyr the Great accept Christianity in the time when Byzantium was still in connection with Rome and the prince was "Uniate", but "Orthodox"? Volodymyr the Great accepted Christianity in time when there was no official gap between Byzantium and Rome, but the relationship between these two Christian hierarchies was already very tense from the days of Photius, which is about a century (...) before Vladimir baptism. The controversy over the primacy between the Pontiffs and the Constantinople Patriarchs did not accept yet the character of the complete rupture and these two hierarchies, arguing with zeal among themselves, all of them mutually recognized. In this mutual recognition of the church hierarchy, there was a connection between the two churches, which already differed considerably in their spirit. (shrink)

The religious ideology of contemporary communities of Ukraine and the diaspora that belong to different currents of the Ukrainian mother-tongue movement cannot bypass the figure of Volodymyr Shayan. He holds the leading position in the conscious proclamation of a new religion in Ukraine, based on the revived and rethought pre-Christian beliefs of the ancestors of the Ukrainians and in the creation of the first religious organizations in this area. The figure of V. Shayan is ambiguous, but his ideology has (...) a significant influence on the religious movement of both the Diaspora and Ukraine and imposes a certain imprint on all its movements. (shrink)

This eleventh volume of Collected Papers includes 90 papers comprising 988 pages on Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics, written between 2001-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 84 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 19 countries: Abhijit Saha, Abu Sufian, Jack Allen, Shahbaz Ali, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Aliya Fahmi, Atiqa Fakhar, Atiqa Firdous, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Robert N. Boyd, Victor Chang, Victor Christianto, V. Christy, Dao The Son, Debjit Dutta, Azeddine Elhassouny, Fazal Ghani, Fazli Amin, (...) Anirudha Ghosha, Nasruddin Hassan, Hoang Viet Long, Jhulaneswar Baidya, Jin Kim, Jun Ye, Darjan Karabašević, Vasilios N. Katsikis, Ieva Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė, F. Kaymarm, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Madad Khan, Qaisar Khan, M. Khoshnevisan, Kifayat Ullah,, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, Mukesh Kumar, Le Hoang Son, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Tahir Mahmood, Mahmoud Ismail, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Siti Nurul Fitriah Mohamad, Mohamed Loey, Mai Mohamed, K. Mohana, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Gulfam, Muhammad Khalid Mahmood, Muhammad Jamil, Muhammad Yaqub Khan, Muhammad Riaz, Nguyen Dinh Hoa, Cu Nguyen Giap, Nguyen Tho Thong, Peide Liu, Pham Huy Thong, Gabrijela Popović‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬, Surapati Pramanik, Dmitri Rabounski, Roslan Hasni, Rumi Roy, Tapan Kumar Roy, Said Broumi, Saleem Abdullah, Muzafer Saračević, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Shariful Alam, Shyamal Dalapati, Housila P. Singh, R. Singh, Rajesh Singh, Predrag S. Stanimirović, Kasan Susilo, Dragiša Stanujkić, Alexandra Şandru, Ovidiu Ilie Şandru, Zenonas Turskis, Yunita Umniyati, Alptekin Ulutaș, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Binyamin Yusoff, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Zhao Loon Wang.‬‬‬‬. (shrink)

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Smirnov was born on March 2, 1931. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1954. From 1957 till 1961 he was a lecturer in philosophy and logic at the Tomsk University. Since 1961 his scientific activity continued in Moscow at the Institute of Philosophy of Academy of Sciences of the USSR. From 1970 and till the last days of his life V. A. Smirnov was lecturer and then Professor at the Chair of Logic at Moscow State University. V. (...) A. Smirnov played an important role at the Institute of Philosophy of Russian Academy of Sciences being the Head of Department of Epistemology, Logic and Philosophy of Science and Technology, and the Head of Section of Logic. Last years he was the leader of the Centre of Logical Investigations of Russsian Academy of Sciences. In 1990-91 he founded a new non-goverment Institute of Logic, Cognitive Sciences and Development of Personality for performing research, teaching, editorial and organization activity in the field of humanities. At the Department of Philosophy of Moscow State University and at the Institute of Philosophy V. A. Smirnov and his close colleagues have founded a Russian logical school which brought up many talented researchers who work at several scientific centres in various countries. (shrink)

Purpose. Based on the comparative analysis of the European and post-Soviet countries, the purpose of the article is to study one of the manifestations of gender discrimination, namely the problem of gender equality in the sphere of labor. It involves the consistent solution to the following tasks: a) to emphasize the basic principles of gender international and legal policy; b) to reflect the praxeological dimension of providing the equal social and economic opportunities for men and women at current level; c) (...) to emphasize the key criterion for ensuring the equality in socio-cultural sphere – equality in political life; d) to study the educational level of women and the possibility of self-realization in employment equal to men. Theoretical basis. The authors proceed from the standpoint that gender equality at the present stage has become a priority of legal policy and an important principle of the state of pro-European orientation. It is characterized in the legal plane, first of all, by the equality of the social roles of men and women, and the overcoming of the gender hierarchy of social ties, in which men are perceived as higher beings by their mental and physical abilities, and their activities are more significant and of priority in comparison with the activities of women. Originality. The authors have substantiated that in many economically developed countries the problem of providing a gender is still relevant, but most of the crisis problems in this area have found their legal regulation. The motivated position of the authors is that the level of education and professionalism of women cannot serve a reason for discrimination against women, which now exists in the economic and political sphere in the post-Soviet space. Conclusions. Gender stereotypes remain the priority in woman’s keeping family household, which creates significant inequalities of women and men at the labor market. Specialized regulatory acts in the field of gender declare the equality of men and women, while labor law defines a number of norms and guarantees that complicate the employment of women. In order to improve the situation we propose to implement a number of measures, such as, creation and financial support of the programs at the state level for supporting maternity, family and childhood; examination of all normative acts and concerning the issue of gender asymmetry, and especially the norms of labor law; introduction of state monitoring of employment and income of persons as to the complying with the principle of gender equality; introduction of quotas for women’s participation in political activities, in the work of the government and parliament, etc. (shrink)

Methodology and ethics: these two terms have only recently begun to be linked organically in scientific thought, especially when the discussion is about man as the subject and object of knowledge. It is not as if this situation had not been anticipated in the history of thought. Suffice it to mention Kant's perspicuity: his analysis of "the conditions of the thinkability" of an object of knowledge is combined with ideas about man as an end in itself, as self-sufficient, and about (...) man's freedom, his ability to set goals in general. Crudely put, for Kant ethics is primary, it "anticipates" direct knowledge. (shrink)

This work is devoted to the relations between Lambek’s Syntactic Calculus and noncommutative variants of Girard’s Linear Logic; in particular the paper will consider: the geometrical representation of the laws of LC by means of proof-nets; the discovery - due to such a geometrical representation - of some laws of LC not yet considered; the discussion of possible linguistic uses of these new laws.

Издание представляет результаты исследования малоизученной темы социально-экономических доктрин консерватизма. Оно отражает их развитие от времени выражения их в виде утопий, погруженных в более общие социально-философские и политические учения.

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